In this paper, ecological function elasticity, resource supply and environmental capacity, social and economic pressure rule of three layers are used to set up a comprehensive evaluation system of ecological carrying capacity. On this basis, the spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) is used in the arid areas of Northwest China covering 2000, 2007, 2012 and 2016 to examine spatial and temporal variations so as to monitor the ecological carrying capacity evaluation, and construct ecological security pattern. The results show that the ecological carrying capacity of the study area is mainly weak bearing, and the area of the weak bearing area is decreasing, while the area of the strong bearing area is increasing. In terms of spatial distribution, the ecological carrying capacity of Hexi region, Northern Xinjiang and Western Inner Mongolia is on the rise, while that of Southern Xinjiang is in the decline. The MCR model was used to extract 51 road-type corridors, river-type corridors and green corridors, with a total length of 7285.43 km, and 71 nodes in important patch area, river wet area and ecological fragile area were extracted. According to the calculation results, the arid areas of Northwest China are divided into 16 ecological security patterns, and the existing security patterns are optimized according to the changes of ecological carrying capacity.
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Zhang et al. (2019) studied this question.