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The temperature-dependent conductivity of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films prepared by sulfurization of different sputtered ZnS/Cu/Sn stacks and also of the same stack annealed for different times was investigated from 30-300 K. Fitting of the through-thickness conductivity requires a model including Mott variable-range hopping (M-VRH), nearest-neighbor hopping (NNH), and thermionic emission over grain boundary (GB) barriers. The GB barrier height varies sensitively from 50–150 (±5) meV with annealing and especially with [Cu]/([Zn] + [Sn]) ratio but is independent of [Zn]/[Sn] ratio. These results are critical for understanding the behavior of solar cells based on polycrystalline CZTS absorber layers.
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Kosyak et al. (2012) studied this question.
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