Falling into line: A method for the precise generation of durable 3D chemical patterns within stationary media was used to direct the chemotactic self-organization of living cells. A container with carefully positioned slits, through which a chemoattractant (yellow) can diffuse, controls the self-organization of Escherichia coli cells (green ellipsoids) expressing green fluorescent protein into a helical pattern (see fluorescence images).
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Kalinin et al. (2011) studied this question.
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