Monitoring of the postoperative period of dental implant placement to assess the microbiota of the periimplant sulcus

Introduction. To compare the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and the microbial composition of the periimplant sulcus in the postoperative period of dental implant placement in patients who received and did not receive an oral probiotic. Materials and methods. A prospective randomized examination of 75 female and male patients aged 19 to 59 years with dental row defects was conducted to restore them with implant-supported crowns. Hygiene products containing probiotics were prescribed to 25 patients in the main group 10 days before surgery. 25 patients of the first comparison group were given an antibiotic 1 hour before surgery. No antibiotic or probiotic was prescribed to 25 patients of the second comparison group. Before the dental implantation operation, as well as on the 3rd, 7th day and 4 months after the operation, patients underwent an assessment of oral hygiene, total bacterial mass and microbial composition of the periimplant sulcus. Results. In the early postoperative period, the hygiene index and total bacterial mass were higher in comparison with the preoperative index, but they had the highest values in patients of the second comparison group. Patients in the main group have significantly lower numbers of facultative and obligate anaerobes, with the exception of lactobacilli, which proves the beneficial effect of probiotics on local biocenosis and local immunity. Conclusion. Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental implantation did not provide advantages over the prophylactic administration of oral probiotics.