The taxonomy, reproductive biology and economic potential of Parkia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in Africa and Madagascar

Three species of the pantropical woody genus Parkia are recognized from continental Africa (including São Tomé), P. biglobosa, P. bicolor and P.filicoidea. A fourth species, P. madagascariensis, is confined to Madagascar. All have capitula of similar structure although details of shape vary. Relatives sharing this capitulum structure occur in the Far East and the Neotropics. Patterns of infraspecific variation are described for the mainland species. Parkia biglobosa shows clinal variation in several leaf characters and P. clappertoniana must be regarded as synonymous. Parkia bicolor shows geographical variation especially in capitulum shape and pod width, and P. filicoidea varies geographically in its pod morphology. The red, ball-like capitula are pollinated by bats; other visitors include birds, insects and non-flying mammals. In P. biglobosa a proportion of the capitula is functionally male. The pods of the African species contain mealy pulp. Dispersal involves mammals, especially primates, and birds. Information on uses, chemical composition of the seeds and insect pests is summarized.