Carbon‐Based Nanostructures for Advanced Catalysis

The development of state‐of‐the‐art catalysts plays a crucial role in the fields of materials science and engineering for efficient energy conversion and storage. Although some excellent catalysts have been developed, considerable challenges remain to bring down the cost and increase the activity of catalysts. The emergence of carbon materials (i.e., activated carbon, graphite, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, diamond, graphene, etc.) provides an excellent alternative to traditional catalysts. Considerable effort has been made to develop diverse carbon‐based catalysts, including carbon in itself, heteroatom‐doped carbon, carbon supported catalysts, carbon hybrids, and so on. Additionally, tremendous progress has been achieved in various catalysis fields, such as chemical synthesis, gas or oil desulfurization, biosensor, energy storage and conversion, organism photodegradation, etc. This article reviews the versatility of carbon family, and their endless catalytic properties and applications, from the viewpoint of materials and chemistry.