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Administration of viral vectors induces innate and adaptive immune responses that can be detrimental to gene transfer.
Administration of viral vectors induces innate inflammation and primes antivector adaptive immune responses, some of which are detrimental to viral vector-mediated gene transfer (reviewed in [1]). Immune responses can also be generated against the protein encoded by the transgene, or against transcriptional regulatory elements if they are immunogenic. Innate inflammation occurs immediately upon vector injection, while adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses take up to two weeks to reach their peak.
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Pedro R. Löwenstein (2004) studied this question.
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