Stent Implantation and Balloon Angioplasty for Native and Recurrent Coarctation of the Aorta

Evidence on the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of stent implantation and balloon angioplasty for native coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and recurrent CoA separately is lacking. The present meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of stent implantation and balloon angioplasty in native (NaCo) and recurrent (ReCo) CoA.A systematic computerized literature search was conducted to retrieve all relevant studies of stent implantation and balloon angioplasty for CoA. Both single-arm and comparative studies were included. Data on NaCo and ReCo were pooled separately.A post-procedure gradient of ≤ 20 mmHg was achieved in 97% and 92% of patients undergoing stent implantation and balloon angioplasty for NaCo, and in 98% and 90% for ReCo, respectively. A post-procedure gradient of ≤ 10 mmHg was achieved in 97% and 83% of patients undergoing stent implantation and balloon angioplasty for NaCo, and in 86% and 78% for ReCo, respectively. Comparative results confirmed that stent implantation provided a significantly higher success rate compared with balloon angioplasty (odds ratio [OR] = 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-3.86; P = 0.019) in treating NaCo. Incidences of all-cause complications, mortality, reintervention, and aneurysm formation were similar between the groups. Patients undergoing stent implantation had a significantly lower incidence of dissection (OR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.02-0.92; P = 0.040).Current evidence indicates that stent implantation might have superior efficacy compared with balloon angioplasty for the treatment of NaCo with higher success rates and similar complication rates. However, whether this superior effect is also present in ReCo patients needs further evaluation.