In this study, Ga-doped (GZO) films deposited on a sapphire utilizing magnetron cosputtering method using and targets were demonstrated. The results revealed that the resistivities of the GZO films reduced by at least two orders of magnitude after the thermal annealing. The reduction in resistivity could be attributed not only to the activation of Ga dopants and to the increase of electron mobility, but also to the enlargement of the grain size that occurred as a result of thermal annealing. The resistivity of GZO films reduced from to after the films had undergone thermal annealing in nitrogen ambience with temperature ranging from 400 to . Additionally, the GZO films exhibited semiconducting conductivity and metallic conductivity in as-deposited and annealed samples , respectively.
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Sheu et al. (2007) studied this question.
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