This paper introduces time-domain formulations based on the Maxwell grid equations of the consistent finite integration (FI) method which allows calculation of slowly-varying electromagnetic fields with various implicit time-stepping techniques. The resultant large sparse linear systems of equations have to be solved by iterative methods for each time step. The preconditioned conjugate gradient methods allow the calculation of nongauged (quasi-)static problems efficiently. Numerical results are shown for the TEAM workshop problem 7 and an SRC high density magnetic head problem, which could be calculated with more than one million degrees of freedom.
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Clemens et al. (1999) studied this question.
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