Coproduction of Furfural and Easily Hydrolyzable Residue from Sugar Cane Bagasse in the MTHF/Aqueous Biphasic System: Influence of Acid Species, NaCl Addition, and MTHF

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In order to develop a process for the simultaneous production of furfural and easily hydrolyzable cellulose, the degradation of sugar cane bagasse in a single aqueous system and in a 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF)/aqueous AlCl 3 biphasic system was studied. In single aqueous system, the influence of acid species (FeCl 3, HCl, and AlCl 3 ) on furfural production and cellulose degradation was investigated at 150 °C. FeCl 3 and HCl promoted furfural production from hemicellulose but with severe cellulose degradation. AlCl 3 decreased cellulose degradation with considerable furfural yield and high glucan content in solid residues. The role of NaCl in furfural production and cellulose decomposition was also investigated in the single aqueous system using different acids as catalysts. Addition of NaCl significantly promoted furfural yield but also accelerated cellulose decomposition when FeCl 3 or HCl was used as catalyst. In the AlCl 3 -catalyzed system, NaCl had less influence on residue yield and its composition, although NaCl also promoted furfural production. The influence of MTHF on furfural yield, residue composition, and enzymatic hydrolysis of residue was also studied. Under the best conditions (0.45 g of bagasse, 9 mL of MTHF, 9 mL of water, 0.1 M AlCl 3, 150 °C, 45 min, and 10 wt % NaCl), 58.6% furfural was obtained while more than 90% of cellulose remained in the residue. The organic phase was separated from the aqueous phase directly by decantation. After reuse of organic phase for 3 cycles, 11.5 g/L furfural was obtained. The catalyst-containing aqueous phase could be reused directly after decantation of the organic phase without loss of activity. The obtained residue was easy to hydrolyze and produced 89.3% glucose yield after 96-h enzymatic hydrolysis at low cellulase loading (30 FPU of cellulase/g glucan).