The direct and stable conversion of ethanol to propene with yields up to 60 mol % was achieved on scandium-modified indium oxide catalysts at 823 K in the presence of water and hydrogen. The reaction pathways are also suggested, ethanol → acetaldehyde → acetone → propene, which is quite different from those on zeolites and on nickel ion-loaded silica catalysts.
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Mizuno et al. (2012) studied this question.
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