Emerging therapies for rheumatoid arthritis

INTRODUCTION: With the introduction of biologic therapies, tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, up to 40% of patients do not respond to these treatments. AREAS COVERED: Several new treatment strategies are discussed, with brief overview of currently performed clinical trials. The development of molecules targeting cytokines other than TNF is discussed, as well as chemokine-directed drugs. Finally, the area of small molecular inhibitors is explored. EXPERT OPINION: Since RA is a life-long disease often evolving into disability, development of new treatment strategies remains crucial. Especially small molecules targeting JAK, Syk and PDE4 may provide novel therapeutic options.