Neoclassical energy transfer between electrons and ions in a tokamak

Expressions are derived for the rates of energy transfer between electrons and ions associated with the neoclassical, electrostatic and Pfirsch-Schlüter contributions to the diffusion and also the anomalous contribution caused by electrostatic drift-wave turbulence. The rates vary in sign as well as magnitude. As a result, even when the resultant diffusion is small, there can be a substantial energy transfer between electrons and ions comparable with the collisional transfer rate.