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Voltage–current characteristics have been measured for varistors that have been heated in reducing or oxidizing gases. Reducing environments produced large decreases in the leakage resistance. However, the original varistor characteristics could be restored by subsequent heating in oxidizing ambients. The oxygen partial pressure below which degradation occurred is 100 Pa at 800 °C. Degradation by reducing ambients occurred at much lower temperatures (150–500 °C) than did restoration of the varistor characteristics by oxidizing ambients (500–700 °C). An explanation of the observed behavior is proposed.
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Sonder et al. (1983) studied this question.
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