RESEARCH: "Religious Experience and Emotion: Evidence for Distinctive Cognitive Neural Patterns"

Categorical comparisons of neuroimaging data suggest that religious experience is cognitively mediated. Cognition involves coordinated integration of large-scale networks. The aim of this study was to distinguish neural networks mediating religious experience. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to cerebral blood flow data of a Christian religious experience and a happy emotion. Differences in variance patterns (PCs) were assessed. The religious experience and the emotion were distinguished by PC9, a neural network that evidenced two forms of expression: One involved prefrontal structures, which participate in social-relational cognition and which were shown previously to correlate with the religious state. Another involved cortical areas important for emotion-related language processing, reward, and action preparation. The results suggest that an essential dimension of religious experience involves social-relational cognition, mediated by a specific neocortical network.