Modeling Reactive Hyperemia to Better Understand and Assess Microvascular Function: A Review of Techniques

Figures

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  Figure 1. Microvascular conditions before, during and after occlusion. The size of the arrow indicates the magnitude of blood flow. The vasodilation in resistance arteries may have a smaller entity than in arterioles due to the limited distance that can be reached by the ascending hyperpolarizing signal.

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  Figure 2. Hematocrit in blood vessel. The discharge hematocrit, being the volume fraction of RBCs in blood delivered through the vessel by the flow, is obtained as ratio the vessel volumetric rate of RBCs and volumetric blood flow (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$H_{\text{D}}$$\end{document}HD=\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{\text{RBC}}/\dot{V}_{\text{blood}}$$\end{document}V˙RBC/V˙blood). The tube hematocrit is given as ratio between the volume occupied by RBCs and total blood volume in the vessel (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$H_{\text{T}}$$\end{document}HT=\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}…

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  Figure 3. Example of regulated blood flow compartmental model with potential clinical data integration. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_{\text{ai}}$$\end{document}Pai: inlet arterial pressure; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q_{\text{a}}$$\end{document}Qa: arterial flow; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R_{\text{a}}$$\end{document}Ra: arterial resistance; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}…