Libraries as Activity Systems: A Systematic Review of Outreach Initiatives for Hispanic Communities

Hispanic communities represent 71% of recent U.S. population growth, yet there is limited research on how public libraries serve them. Guided by Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), this systematic literature review examined five articles: three peer-reviewed urban studies and two descriptive rural pieces. Hispanic patrons were described by literacy habits, service preferences, and language use, while librarians were portrayed as dedicated to creating inclusive programs despite systemic challenges. Artifacts mediating interactions between them included surveys and school networks. Findings reveal tensions and opportunities within library systems, showing how outreach initiatives can reinforce stereotypes or transform libraries into culturally sustaining spaces.