Topological optimization of three-dimensional composite structures - via evolutionary structural optimization

One of the major challenges in Civil Engineering is the gradual search for more viable and efficient solutions to improve structural performance. In this case, Structural Engineering has been encouraged to create and develop materials and methods that allow for the production of more slender structures that are at the same time safe and economical. One of these solutions is structural optimization. This article addresses topological optimization in three-dimensional problems considering volume minimization based on a stress criterion. The method used is Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) with the aid of the structural analysis software Salome-Meca®, via the Finite Element Method (FEM). For this, an algorithm in Python® programming language is implemented to be the input file of the free numerical analysis software Code-Aster® solver of Salome-Meca®. In the ESO process, underutilized elements of the structural system are removed, that is, elements whose stress have values lower than the maximum limit stress of the structure. This optimization is performed using a combination of two isotropic materials, with the aim of studying the influence of different constitutive models on the optimal topologies of the proposed problems, analyzing the topological structural behavior, as well as investigating how the mechanical and physical properties impact the final topology. Finally, based on the considerations and research in question, the optimization of composite structures is interesting because it obtains a more efficient structure that takes advantage of the positive complementary characteristics of two materials working together.