Trivalent cation conduction has been successfully demonstrated by two strategies. One is crystal structure selection, and the other is the selection of the constituent ions in solids. Since the trivalent cations possess certain ionic volume, a suitable mobile ion pathway should appear in the structure. One candidate structure we selected is a two-dimensional layered structure and the other is a three-dimensional network crystal structure. The selection of the constituent ions in solids is performed by considering the electrostatic interaction between cations and anions in the structure.
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Imanaka et al. (2011) studied this question.
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