In order to realize a higher valency ion conduction in solids, the Sc2(WO4)3 material which possesses a larger tunnel size for ion migration was selected to reduce the electrostatic interaction and the single crystals of Sc2(WO4)3 were grown to eliminate grain boundary effects found in polycrystalline state. By both the alternative and direct current measurements, a direct evidence of Sc3+ trivalent ion migration in single crystal Sc2(WO4)3 has been successfully demonstrated.
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Imanaka et al. (1995) studied this question.
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