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A common perception about mitosis is that chromosomes are passive substrates for the complex segregation machinery of the mitotic spindle. However, mitotic chromosomes acquire specific structural properties that are essential for their segregation; hence, they actively participate in their own segregation. These properties include pairing between replicated chromosomes (sister chromatids), a high state of condensation, and the assembly and function of a specialized chromosomal organelle, the centromere (Fig. 1). Here we review information on chromosome structure and function in mitosis. In addition, we present our studies with budding yeast designed to identify the molecular components that mediate or regulate sister chromatid pairing,
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Guacci et al. (1993) studied this question.
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