Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Key Messages Public‐private partnership (PPP) has been a popular response to urban commercial revitalization. Two modes of PPP, the Canadian Business Improvement Areas (BIA) and the Spanish Centros Comerciales Abiertos (CCA) are examined. BIA and CCA are shown to vary by geographic extent, project scope, urban governance structure, balance of public‐private sector control, and level of stakeholder engagement.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Seguí et al. (2015) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: