A diagnosis of adults of the family is given. Anchytarus is revised, the two previously recognized species are redescribed, and A. folliculipalpus, sp. nov. is described from Central and South America. The three are illustrated and keyed. The genus Tetraglossa Champion is synonymized with Anchytarsus Guérin-Méneville, its single species becomes Anchytarsus palpalis (Champion), and a lectotype is designated. The larva of A. bicolor is illustrated and described along with two previously unknown larval Anchytarsus. The larva of A. palpalis is diagnosed. The four recognized larvae are keyed. The biologies of A. bicolor and A. palpalis are reviewed. Anchytarsus substriatus Champion and A. instriatus Pic are placed incertae sedis. The genera Cladobradus Pic and Bertrandia Pic are excluded from the Ptilodactylidae and a key to the New World genera is presented.
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James B. Stribling (1986) studied this question.