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The development of a method for predicting monthly median values of the F 1 layer penetration frequency (ƒ 0 F 1 ) at any location and time is described. The expressions derived for predicting the monthly median ƒ 0 F 1 are functions of the zenith angle of the sun, the ionospheric index IF 2 , and the geomagnetic latitude.
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DuCharme et al. (1971) studied this question.
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