Population aging, coupled with a rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and increasing care complexity, is a global trend. China is among the fastest-aging countries, further intensifying the need for health system reform. Expanding nursing roles through advanced practice has proven an effective strategy to address growing care demands in countries such as Canada. This paper synthesizes peer-reviewed literature, policy reports, and regulatory documents from Canada and China (1965–2026). It examines the evolution of the nurse practitioner (NP) role in Canada, compares the socioeconomic and healthcare contexts shaping NP implementation in both countries, and proposes strategies to support the sustainable integration of the NP role in China. In doing so, this paper offers a policy-informed, phased roadmap to guide NP implementation and scale-up in China.
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Li et al. (2026) studied this question.
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