Outcomes of Non‐Paroxysmal AF Undergoing Ablation Guided by a Novel High‐Density Panoramic Cycle‐Length Mapping System

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Enrollment of study population. AF, atrial fibrillation; CLM, cycle‐length mapping; LA, left atrial; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PV, pulmonary vein.

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  FIGURE 2. Cycle‐length mapping (CLM)‐guided approach of wide pulmonary antral isolation. (A) After the creation of the FAM, the panoramic mapping system using the CLM module to identify the potential drives was performed. Red arrow indicated the local bipolar atrial signals. (B) The modified ablation line, encircling the short [mean CL ≤ 140 ms] and stable [CLSTD ≤ 30] local AFCL identified by CLM system around the PV antra. (C) Regions with short unstable [CLSTD > 30] local AFCL will not be targeted. Red arrow indicated the local bipolar atrial signals. CLM, cycle‐length mapping; CLSTD, cycle‐length standard deviation; FAM, Fast anatomical mapping. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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  FIGURE 3. The distribution of CLM‐identified potential AF drivers in different regions of LA chamber in Group 1. (N: Number of patients). AF, atrial fibrillation; CLM, cycle‐length mapping; LA, left atrial; LAA, left atrial appendage.

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  FIGURE 4. Kaplan–Meier curve of recurrence after the index procedure during follow‐up between the two groups. (A) Recurrence of atrial arrhythmias between Group 1 (CLM method) and Group 2 (conventional method), log‐rank p = 0.37. (B) Recurrence of atrial fibrillation between Group 1 (CLM method) and Group 2 (conventional method), log‐rank p = 0.101. (C) Recurrence of atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia between Group 1 (CLM method) and Group 2 (conventional method), log‐rank p = 0.709. CLM, cycle‐length mapping. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]