A Prospective Observational Study: Prevalence of Comorbidities and Complications among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh

The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of comorbidities and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients in a government general hospital, Ongole Andhra Pradesh. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of co-morbidities & complications in type 2 diabetic patients.To assess the significant relationship between the duration of diabetes and complications. METHODOLOGY: Prospective observational studies that have been conducted on 800 patients in General medicine of a tertiary care hospital among the patients who adhere to criteria were registered in the study. The data was collected by using a well-designed proforma according to the criteria, and the data was analyzed. Inclusion criteria: Diabetic patients > 18 years to <80 years are included. Exclusion criteria: Diabetic patients < 18 years to > 80 years are excluded. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes are excluded. RESULTS: This study revealed that out of 800 patients,co-morbid Conditions are 407 (50%) are HTN patients, 109 (13.6%) are CLD patients, 96 (12%) are pancreatitis, 83 (10.3%) are dyslipidemia patients, 77 (9.6%) are Gastritis patients and 48 (6%) are CKD patients. Complications of type 2 Diabetes are 185 (23.1%) are CVD patients, 169 (21.1%) are CVA patients, 126(15.7%) are neuropathy patients, 123 (15.3%) are retinopathy patients, 113(14.1%) are nephropathy patients, 107 (13.3%) are Diabetic foot ulcer patients and 63(7.8%) are ketoacidosis patients. Duration of diabetes less than 5 years is major in number342 (42.7%) which contributes variation in the study190 (24%) are between 6-10 years, 120 (15%) are between 11-15 years, 80 ( 10%) are between 16-20 years, 68 ( 9%) are having a duration greater than 20 years. CONCLUSION: This study mainly focused on patients having a duration of diabetes less than 5 years having complications of 0.8% patients with nephropathy, 2.1% patients with CVD, 1.8% with CVA, 1.2% with diabetic foot ulcer, 0.6% with ketoacidosis, 0.3% with retinopathy, 1% with neuropathy. Between 6-10 years of disease duration, there are 2.5% with nephropathy, 3.3% with CVD, 3% with CVA, 2.2% with diabetic foot ulcer, 0.9% with ketoacidosis, 1.8% with retinopathy, and 1.3% with neuropathy. In between 11-15 years duration with diabetes, there are 3.8%,5%,4.4%, 2.9%, 1.5%, 3.2%, and 3.5% with nephropathy, CVD, CVA, diabetic foot ulcer, ketoacidosis, retinopathy, and neuropathy respectively. As the duration of diabetes increases the occurrence of complications also rises and leads to death.