We report the study of interactions between cavity photons and paramagnetic Cr³⁺ spins in a ruby (Cr³⁺:Al₂O₃) whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator. Examining the system at microwave frequencies and millikelvin temperatures, spin-photon couplings up to 610 MHz or about 5% of photon energy are observed between the impurity spins and high quality factor (Q>10⁵) WGM. Large tunability and spin-spin interaction allows operation in the strong coupling regime. The system exhibits behavior not predicted by the usual Tavis-Cummings model because of interactions within the two-level spin bath, and the existence of numerous photonic modes.
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Farr et al. (2014) studied this question.
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