It is shown that an electromagnetic wave corresponding to the second harmonic transmitted through a dual periodic photonic crystal possessing χ⁽²⁾ nonlinearity exhibits a profound difference in output intensity depending on the direction of the propagation and, therefore, such a system appears to be suitable in the design of a frequency doubler of electromagnetic waves which allows propagation of the wave in one direction and forbids propagation in the opposite direction.
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Konotop et al. (2002) studied this question.
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