Coalescence of fullerene cages and nanotubes can lead to the formation of novel and useful structures. We analyze the Stone-Wales (SW) paths for such fusion processes, compute and compare their energy costs, and demonstrate how the paths are determined by the initial orientation of the merging fragments. We also emphasize the versatility of SW transformation by presenting the topological possibility of the gradual penetration of a buckyball through the wall of a nanotube.
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Zhao et al. (2003) studied this question.
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