Electrocardiogram Abnormalities Associated With Metabolic Syndrome: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prognostic cluster of physiologic risk factors that may develop into cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Electrocardiogram abnormalities (ECGA) can be instrumental in identifying the early stages of disease and may be associated with MetS in Hispanic Americans. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between MetS and major and minor ECGA in the Hispanic population (Hypothesis 1) and determine whether gender-ethnic subgroups moderate these relationships (Hypothesis 2). METHODS: = 13,628; 59% women and 41% men). Major ECGA encompassed 9 abnormalities including pathologic Q waves and left ventricular hypertrophy. Minor ECGA were tested independently of major ECGA. MetS was classified into 4 categories delineating metabolic abnormalities and related medication use. Multinomial logistic regression and Hayes' PROCESS macro were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Major ECGA were significantly associated with the presence of MetS and/or related medication use, whereas minor ECGA abnormalities were associated with MetS for participants who also took MetS-related medications only. Gender moderated the association between MetS and minor ECGA such that women with minor ECGA had a higher likelihood of MetS when compared to men. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that early recognition and associated treatment of major and minor ECGA can be important to prevent MetS and further morbidities in the Hispanic population.