Intravenously engrafted human multilineage‐differentiating stress‐enduring (Muse) cells rescue erectile function after rat cavernous nerve injury

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intravenous administration of human multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells on rat postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED) with cavernous nerve (CN) injury without an immunosuppressant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: cells), or vehicle was infused intravenously at 3 h after CN injury without immunosuppressant. Erectile function was assessed by measuring intracavernous pressure (ICP) and arterial pressure (AP) during pelvic nerve electrostimulation 28 days after surgery. At 48 h and 28 days after intravenous infusion of Muse cells, the homing of Muse cells and non-Muse MSCs was evaluated in the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) after CN injury. In addition, expressions of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (Cxcl12) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf) in the MPG were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses and comparisons among groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test for parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn-Bonferroni test for non-parametric data. RESULTS: The mean (SEM) ICP/AP values at 28 days were 0.51 (0.02) in the Muse cell group, 0.37 (0.03) in the non-Muse MSC group, and 0.36 (0.04) in the vehicle group, showing a significant positive response in the Muse cell group compared with the non-Muse and vehicle groups (P = 0.013 and P = 0.010, respectively). In the MPG, Muse cells were observed to be engrafted at 48 h and expressed Schwann cell markers S100 (~46%) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (~24%) at 28 days, while non-Muse MSCs were basically not engrafted at 48 h. Higher gene expression of Cxcl12 (P = 0.048) and Gdnf (P = 0.040) was found in the MPG of the Muse group than in the vehicle group 48 h after infusion. CONCLUSION: Intravenously engrafted human Muse cells recovered rat erectile function after CN injury in a rat model possibly by upregulating Cxcl12 and Gdnf.