Onion (Allium cepa) and its Main Constituents as Antidotes or Protective Agents against Natural or Chemical Toxicities: A Comprehensive Review.

and animal studies on the protective effects of onion against natural and chemical toxicities. Onion and its main components can ameliorate the toxicity of chemical agents in kidney, liver, brain, blood, heart, reproductive system, embryo, pancreas through reducing lipid peroxidation, antioxidant effect, radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory, chelating agent, cytoprotective activities, increasing protein synthesis in damaged tissues, suppressing apoptosis, as well as modulation of PKC-𝜀/p38MAPK, Wnt/beta-Catenin, ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK, Bcl-2, Bax, and NF-κB signaling pathways.