The identification and subsequent classification of modes in many‐layered circular waveguides are examined in this paper with special emphasis placed on the complex and backward‐wave modes. The results of this investigation suggest a different designation for the backward‐wave modes than is typically used From this, a revised concept of the modal cutoff frequency is identified when complex modes exist in the axial‐wave‐number trace.
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Whites et al. (1989) studied this question.
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