A monolayer of self-assembled silica particles can be imprinted into a silicon substrate by laser irradiation (KrF excimer laser, λ=248nm). Periodical hemispherical cavities can be therefore created on the substrate surface. The influences of various particle sizes and laser fluence were investigated. In addition, preheating of the substrate significantly improves the performance. One-dimensional thermal calculation was employed to understand the thermal effect in this process. Three-dimensional optical simulation provided an accurate insight into the light intensity enhancement. Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the stress induced by the laser imprinting process resided in the cavity structures.
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Li et al. (2004) studied this question.
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