Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia not in complete remission: outcomes and prognostic factors in a contemporary cohort

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), typically offered to patients in complete remission (CR) but at high risk for relapse [ 1 , 2 ]. However, up to 40% of patients present with primary refractory disease or relapsed disease failing to achieve CR [ 3 ]. Their prognosis remains poor, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) as low as 10% [ 4 , 5 ]. Prior studies of allo-HCT in this context primarily focused on myeloablative regimens and did not consider genetic mutations of leukemic cells [ 6 ]. With advances in allo-HCT practices, these studies may now be outdated and warrant reassessment.