The increase in the angle of reflexion from a powdered crystal varies from (1 − n ) tan θ to (1 − n ) (tan θ + cot θ) as its absorption increases. In either case the true lattice spacing of a cubic crystal is obtained by increasing the extrapolated lattice spacing by a fraction 1 − n of itself. The divergence of the reflected beam by refraction is small in comparison with other causes of line width.
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A. J. C. Wilson (1940) studied this question.
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