Stabilization and destabilization of water-in-crude oil emulsions from the North Sea is reviewed. It is concluded that indigenous interfacially active components in the crude oils are responsible for the stabilization. Model systems stabilized by these components have stability properties similar to the authentic water-in-crude oil emulsions. Destabilization has been undertaken with solvents, surfactants and polymers. Corresponding mechanisms are discussed.
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Urdahl et al. (1995) studied this question.
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