Prediction of Flow and Heat Transfer in Ducts of Square Cross-Section

Numerical predictions are presented of the hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of fully developed turbulent flow in square-sectioned ducts. The turbo stresses in the plane of the cross-section, whose gradients cause the well-known secondary motion, are approximated by gradients in the axial mean velocity. Predicted results are in close agreement with available experimental data of primary and secondary velocities as well as the shear stress and heat flux variations around the perimeter.