Direct Oral Anticoagulants Form Thrombus Different From Warfarin in a Microchip Flow Chamber System

Figures

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  Figure 1. Study flow chart. Chart showing the enrollment criteria and division of patients into different anticoagulant treatment groups. AF = atrial fibrillation, RFCA = radiofrequency catheter ablation.

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  Figure 2. Light microscope images of the AR-chip. Representative microscopic images of thrombus formation under flow condition in Off-anticoagulants, warfarin, and DOAC groups.

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  Figure 3. Quantitative analysis of various parameters at Off- and On-anticoagulants. In these box-and-whisker plots, lines within the boxes represent median values; the upper and lower lines of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively; and the upper and lower bars outside the boxes represent maximum and minimum values, respectively. Wa = warfarin, Da = dabigatran, Ri = rivaroxaban, Ap = apixaban

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  Figure 4. Scatter plots of AR10-AUC30 levels and plasma concentrations of DOACs. Relationship between AR10-AUC30 levels measured by T-TAS and plasma concentrations of rivaroxaban, dabigatran and apixaban measured by the respective coagulation assays at On-anticoagulants.

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  Figure 5. Thrombi area computed from analysis of the AR chip induced by various anticoagulants. In these box-and-whisker plots, lines within the boxes represent median values; the upper and lower lines of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively; and the upper and lower bars outside the boxes represent maximum and minimum values, respectively. *Adjusted P < 0.05 vs. warfarin at On-anticoagulants; significance probability was adjusted for Bonferroni method. †Adjusted P < 0.05 vs. dabigatran at On-anticoagulants; significance probability was adjusted for Bonferroni method. Wa = warfarin, Da = dabigatran, Ri = rivaroxaban, Ap = apixaban.