Microalgae are a renewable and versatile resource. They might transform food, medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, bioenergy, agriculture, and biotechnology. Their rapid growth rate, environmental tolerance, and ability to utilize CO₂ and wastewater make them promising sustainable biotechnological resources. Research focuses on the unique biochemistry of microalgae, including lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, pigments, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. Many phyto-based pharmaceutical companies utilize microalgae-derived bioactive chemicals, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and omega-3 fatty acids to prevent and treat cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Studies focus on adding microalgae-derived nutraceuticals to health supplements. Microalgae compounds have anti-aging, protective, and moisturizing properties. Cosmetics that use them support the natural and eco-friendly trend. Industrial biotechnology, genetic engineering, and synthetic biology increase microalgae culture and product extraction. The research highlights microalgae's innovative and sustainable resource potential in various industries. This research describes the metabolic diversity of microalgae, advances in culture and harvesting techniques, and optimization of metabolite production.
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Rahaman et al. (2025) studied this question.
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