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Normal phase, isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography methods are described for the separation of neutral lipid and fatty acid classes using low wavelength detection. Prior to high-performance liquid chromatography, methods were developed and are described for the separation of phospholipids from neutral lipids and fatty acids using small (600 mg) silica Sep-PaksTM. Recoveries of cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, fatty acids, and phospholipids from the silica columns were greater than 95%. Two mobile phases are described for lipid class separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. The first mobile phase, hexane-2-propanol-acetic acid 100:0.5:01, resulted in incomplete separation of cholesteryl ester and triglyceride but excellent separations of fatty acids and cholesterol. The second mobile phase, hexane-n-butyl chloride-acetonitrile-acetic acid 90:10:1.5:0.01, resulted in complete separation of the four lipid classes. This mobile phase also separated individual triglycerides and fatty acids based on the number of double bonds. Recoveries of radiolabeled lipids for the four lipid classes from high-performance liquid chromatography was greater than 95% with both mobile phases.
Hamilton et al. (1984) studied this question.