The Theoretical Orientation Profile Scale—Revised: A Validation Study

This study supported evidence of reliability and validity of the Theoretical Orientation Profile Scale—Revised (TOPS—R) scores. The TOPS—R was designed to measure theoretical orientation among counselors and trainees. Factor analysis yielded a 6-factor solution accounting for 87.5% of the total variance in the scale. The 6 factors corresponded to 6 schools of psychotherapy (i.e., psychoanalytic/psychodynamic, humanistic/existential, cognitive-behavioral, family systems, feminist, and multicultural).