Beetroot juice intake with different amounts of nitrate does not change aerobic exercise-mediated responses in heart rate variability in hypertensive postmenopausal women: A randomized, crossover and double-blind study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Study design.

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  Fig. 2. Values in Mean ± Standard Deviation of Heart Rate Variability analysis in time domain at baseline before beverage ingestion and at 15, 30′, 45′, 60′, 75′, and 90′ time points after exercise during all three experimental sessions. Standard deviation of RRi intervals – SDNN (A); Square root of the quadratic mean difference of successive RRi – RMSSD (B); Percentage of adjacent RRi that varies at least 50 ms – Pnn50 (C). OFD - non-caloric orange flavored drink; Low-NO3- - Beetroot juice with low nitrate content; High-NO3- - beetroot juice with high nitrate content.

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  Fig. 3. Values in Mean ± Standard Deviation of Heart Rate Variability analysis in frequency domain at baseline before beverage ingestion and at 15, 30′, 45′, 60′, 75′, and 90′ time points after exercise during all three experimental sessions. High frequency band - HF (A); Low frequency band - LF (B); Low and high frequencies ratio - LF/HF (C). OFD - non-caloric orange flavored drink; Low-NO3- - Beetroot juice with low nitrate content; High-NO3- - beetroot juice with high nitrate content.

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  Fig. 4. Values in Mean ± Standard Deviation of Heart Rate Variability analysis in non-linear domain at baseline before beverage ingestion and at 15, 30′, 45′, 60′, 75′, and 90′ time points after exercise during all three experimental sessions. Standard deviation of the instant variability of the beat-to-beat interval – SD1 (A); long-term variability of continuous RRi – SD2 (B); SD1/SD2 ratio (C). OFD - non-caloric orange flavored drink; Low-NO3- - Beetroot juice with low nitrate content; High-NO3- - beetroot juice with high nitrate content.