This study compared the effectiveness of exclusion time-out and contingent observation for reducing the severe disruptive behavior of a child with developmental disabilities. Interventions were employed in a classroom by a special education teacher and a teacher's aide. Procedural and functional integrity measures for the two interventions indicated that the treatments were implemented in an optimal manner. The results showed that both time-out procedures reduced disruption to very low levels and were not found to be differentially effective. The theoretical and practical significance of this finding are discussed.
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Mace et al. (1990) studied this question.