*The authors are participants in the activities of the IOM Roundtable on Value & Science-Driven Health Care. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the authors’ organizations or of the Institute of Medicine. The paper is intended to help inform and stimulate discussion. It has not been through the review procedures of The National Academies and is not a report of the Institute of Medicine or of the National Research Council.
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Okun et al. (2014) studied this question.
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