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General principles of membrane function have been elucidated by the study of lactic acid bacteria. In this review, the operation and function of ion pumps, secondary transport systems and solute ATPases will be discussed. Despite their differences in kinetics and mechanisms between the transport systems, structural similarities can be recognized among these proteins irrespective of whether they originate from prokaryotes, lower or higher eukaryotes.
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Peter C. Maloney (1990) studied this question.
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