Why does the benzene nucleus have a structure similar to cyclohexatriene in the ground state 1, and a virtually D6h-symmetrical structure in the π → π* excited state 2? A simple model based on the distortive propensity of the π electrons in the ground state and their opposite tendency in the excited state predicts this behavior, and more.
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Shurki et al. (1997) studied this question.
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