A lot of three-phase arc fault experiments show that arc voltages of three-phase arc fault in low-voltage ac systems vary stochastically. These arc voltages cannot be expressed exactly by formula. This paper introduces a three-phase arc fault model for low-voltage ac systems derived by probability method according to the characteristics of three-phase fault arcs. This model can be used to calculate minimum three-phase arcing fault current for setting the relay.
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Wu et al. (2005) studied this question.
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